Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human) - HyperRHO S/D Full Dose treated with solvent/detergent is a colorless to pale yellow or pink sterile solution of immune globulin containing antibodies to Rho(D) for intramuscular administration; it is preservative-free, in a latex-free delivery system. HyperRHO S/D Full Dose is prepared by cold ethanol fractionation from human plasma. The immune globulin is isolated from solubilized Cohn fraction II. The fraction II solution is adjusted to a final concentration of 0.3% tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP) and 0.2% sodium cholate. After the addition of solvent (TNBP) and detergent (sodium cholate), the solution is heated to 30°C and maintained at that temperature for not less than 6 hours. After the viral inactivation step, the reactants are removed by precipitation, filtration and finally ultrafiltration and diafiltration. HyperRHO S/D Full Dose is formulated as a 15-18% protein solution at a pH of 6.4-7.2 in 0.21-0.32M glycine. HyperRHO S/D Full Dose is then incubated in the final container for 21-28 days at 20-27°C.
The potency is equal to or greater than 1500 IU. Each single dose syringe contains sufficient anti-Rho(D) to effectively suppress the immunizing potential of 15 mL of Rho(D) positive red blood cells.
The removal and inactivation of spiked model enveloped and non-enveloped viruses during the manufacturing process for HyperRHO S/D Full Dose has been validated in laboratory studies. Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Type 1 (HIV-1), was chosen as the relevant virus for blood products; Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) was chosen to model Hepatitis C virus; Pseudorabies virus (PRV) was chosen to model Human Herpes viruses and other large enveloped DNA viruses; and Reo virus type 3 (Reo) was chosen to model non-enveloped viruses and for its resistance to physical and chemical inactivation. Significant removal of model enveloped and non-enveloped viruses is achieved at two steps in the Cohn fractionation process leading to the collection of Cohn Fraction II: the precipitation and removal of Fraction III in the processing of Fraction II + IIIW suspension to Effluent III and the filtration step in the processing of Effluent III to Filtrate III. Significant inactivation of enveloped viruses is achieved at the time of treatment of solubilized Cohn Fraction II with TNBP/sodium cholate.
Additionally, the manufacturing process was investigated for its capacity to decrease the infectivity of an experimental agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), considered as a model for the vCJD and CJD agents.
Studies of the HyperRHO S/D manufacturing process demonstrate that TSE clearance is achieved during the Pooled Plasma to Effluent III Fractionation Process (6.7 log10). These studies provide reasonable assurance that low levels of CJD/vCJD agent infectivity, if present in the starting material, would be removed.
HyperRHO S/D Full Dose is used to prevent isoimmunization in the Rho(D) negative individual exposed to Rho(D) positive blood as a result of a fetomaternal hemorrhage occurring during a delivery of an Rho(D) positive infant, abortion (either spontaneous or induced), or following amniocentesis or abdominal trauma. Similarly, immunization resulting in the production of anti-Rho(D) following transfusion of Rh positive red cells to an Rho(D) negative recipient may be prevented by administering Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human).
Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn is the result of the active immunization of an Rho(D) negative mother by Rho(D) positive red cells entering the maternal circulation during a previous delivery, abortion, amniocentesis, abdominal trauma, or as a result of red cell transfusion. HyperRHO S/D Full Dose acts by suppressing the immune response of Rho(D) negative individuals to Rho(D) positive red blood cells. The mechanism of action of HyperRHO S/D Full Dose is not fully understood.
The administration of Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human) within 72 hours of a full-term delivery of an Rho(D) positive infant by an Rho(D) negative mother reduces the incidence of Rh isoimmunization from 12%-13% to 1%-2%.
The 1%-2% treatment failures are probably due to isoimmunization occurring during the latter part of pregnancy or following delivery. Bowman and Pollock have reported that the incidence of isoimmunization can be further reduced from approximately 1.6% to less than 0.1%by administering Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human) in two doses, one ante - natal at 28 weeks' gestation and another following delivery.
In a clinical study in eight healthy human adults receiving another hyperimmune immune globulin product treated with solvent/detergent, Rabies Immune Globulin (Human), HyperRAB S/D, prepared by the same manufacturing process, detectable passive antibody titers were observed in the serum of all subjects by 24 hours post injection and persisted through the 21 day study period. These results suggest that passive immunization with immune globulin products is not affected by the solvent/detergent treatment.
Pregnancy and Other Obstetric Conditions: HyperRHO S/D Full Dose is recommended for the prevention of Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn by its administration to the Rho(D) negative mother within 72 hours after birth of an Rho(D) positive infant, providing the following criteria are met: The mother must be Rho(D) negative and must not already be sensitized to the Rho(D) factor.
Her child must be Rho(D) positive, and should have a negative direct antiglobulin test (see Precautions).
If HyperRHO S/D Full Dose is administered antepartum, it is essential that the mother receive another dose of HyperRHO S/D Full Dose after delivery of an Rho(D) positive infant.
If the father can be determined to be Rho(D) negative, HyperRHO S/D Full Dose need not be given.
HyperRHO S/D Full Dose should be administered within 72 hours to all nonimmunized Rho(D) negative women who have undergone spontaneous or induced abortion, following ruptured tubal pregnancy, amniocentesis or abdominal trauma unless the blood group of the fetus or the father is known to be Rho(D) negative. If the fetal blood group cannot be determined, one must assume that it is Rho(D) positive, and HyperRHO S/D Full Dose should be administered to the mother.
Transfusion: HyperRHO S/D Full Dose may be used to prevent isoimmunization in Rho(D) negative individuals who have been transfused with Rho(D) positive red blood cells or blood components containing red blood cells.
Never Administer HyperRHO S/D Full dose intravenously. Inject only intramuscularly. Never administer to the neonate.
Pregnancy and Other Obstetric Conditions: For postpartum prophylaxis, administer one syringe of HyperRHO S/D Full Dose, preferably within 72 hours of delivery. Although a lesser degree of protection is afforded if Rh antibody is administered beyond the 72-hour period, HyperRHO S/D Full Dose may still be given. Full-term deliveries can vary in their dosage requirements depending on the magnitude of the fetomaternal hemorrhage. One full dose syringe of HyperRHO S/D Full Dose provides sufficient antibody to prevent Rh sensitization if the volume of red blood cells that has entered the circulation is 15 mL or less. In instances where a large (greater than 30 mL of whole blood or 15 mL red blood cells) fetomaternal hemorrhage is suspected, a fetal red cell count by an approved laboratory technique (e.g., modified Kleihauer-Betke acid elution stain technique) should be performed to determine the dosage of immune globulin required. The red blood cell volume of the calculated fetomaternal hemorrhage is divided by 15 mL to obtain the number of syringes of HyperRHO S/D Full Dose for administration. If more than 15 mL of red cells is suspected or if the dose calculation results in a fraction, administer the next higher whole number of syringes (e.g., if 1.4, give 2 syringes).
For antenatal prophylaxis, one full dose syringe of HyperRHO S/D Full Dose is administered at approximately 28 weeks' gestation. This must be followed by another full dose, preferably within 72 hours following delivery, if the infant is Rh positive.
Following threatened abortion at any stage of gestation with continuation of pregnancy, it is recommended that a full dose of HyperRHO S/D Full Dose be given. If more than 15 mL of red cells is suspected due to fetomaternal hemorrhage, the same dose modification applies.
Following miscarriage, abortion, or termination of ectopic pregnancy at or beyond 13 weeks' gestation, it is recommended that a HyperRHO S/D Full Dose be given. If more than 15 mL of red cells is suspected due to fetomaternal hemorrhage, the same dose modification in No. 1 above applies. If pregnancy is terminated prior to 13 weeks' gestation, where licensed, a single dose of HyperRHO S/D Mini-Dose may be used instead of HyperRHO S/D Full Dose.
Following amniocentesis at either 15 to 18 weeks' gestation or during the third trimester, or following abdominal trauma in the second or third trimester, it is recommended that a HyperRHO S/D Full Dose be administered. If there is a fetomaternal hemorrhage in excess of 15 mL of red cells, the same dose modification applies.
If abdominal trauma, amniocentesis, or other adverse event requires the administration of HyperRHO S/D Full Dose at 13 to 18 weeks' gestation, another full dose should be given at 26 to 28 weeks. To maintain protection throughout pregnancy, the level of passively acquired anti-Rho(D) should not be allowed to fall below the level required to prevent an immune response to Rh positive red cells. The half-life of IgG is 23 to 26 days. In any case, a HyperRHO S/D Full Dose should be given within 72 hours after delivery if the baby is Rh positive. If delivery occurs within 3 weeks after the last dose, the postpartum dose may be withheld unless there is a fetomaternal hemorrhage in excess of 15 mL of red blood cells.
Transfusion: In the case of a transfusion of Rho(D) positive red cells to an Rho(D) negative recipient, the volume of Rh positive whole blood administered is multiplied by the hematocrit of the donor unit giving the volume of red blood cells transfused. The volume of red blood cells is divided by 15 mL which provides the number of syringes of HyperRHO S/D Full Dose to be administered.
If the dose calculated results in a fraction, the next higher whole number of syringes should be administered (e.g., if 1.4, give 2 syringes). HyperRHO S/D Full Dose should be administered within 72 hours after an incompatible trans fusion, but preferably as soon as possible.
Injection Procedure: Do not inject intravenously. Do not inject neonate. HyperRHO S/D Full Dose is administered intramuscularly, preferably in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm or lateral thigh muscle. The gluteal region should not be used as an injection site because of the risk of injury to the sciatic nerve.
Single Syringe Dose: Inject entire contents of the syringe into the individual intramuscularly.
Multiple Syringe Dose: Calculate the number of syringes of HyperRHO S/D Full Dose to be given (see Dosage and Administration).
The total volume of HyperRHO S/D Full Dose can be given in divided doses at different sites at one time or the total dose may be divided and injected at intervals, provided the total dosage is given within 72 hours of the fetomaternal hemorrhage or transfusion. Using sterile technique, inject the entire contents of the calculated number of syringes intramuscularly into the patient.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
HyperRHO S/D Full Dose is supplied with a syringe and an attached UltraSafe Needle Guard for your protection and convenience.
HyperRHO S/D Full Dose is made from human plasma. Products made from human plasma may contain infectious agents, such as viruses, and, theoretically, the Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) agent that can cause disease. The risk that such products will transmit an infectious agent has been reduced by screening plasma donors for prior exposure to certain viruses, by testing for the presence of certain current virus infections, and by inactivating and/or removing certain viruses. Despite these measures, such products can still potentially transmit disease. There is also the possibility that unknown infectious agents may be present in such products. Individuals who receive infusions of blood or plasma products may develop signs and/or symptoms of some viral infections, particularly hepatitis C. All infections thought by a physician possibly to have been transmitted by this product should be reported by the physician or other healthcare provider to Grifols Therapeutics Inc.
The physician should discuss the risks and benefits of this product with the patient, before prescribing or administering it to the patient.
Never administer HyperRHO S/D Full Dose intravenously. Inject only intramuscularly. Never administer to the neonate.
Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human) should be given with caution to patients with a history of prior systemic allergic reactions following the administration of human immunoglobulin preparations.
The attending physician who wishes to administer Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human) to persons with isolated immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency must weigh the benefits of immunization against the potential risks of hypersensitivity reactions. Such persons have increased potential for developing antibodies to IgA and could have anaphylactic reactions to subsequent administration of blood products that contain IgA.
As with all preparations administered by the intramuscular route, bleeding complications may be encountered in patients with thrombocytopenia or other bleeding disorders.
General: A large fetomaternal hemorrhage late in pregnancy or following delivery may cause a weak mixed field positive Du test result. If there is any doubt about the mother's Rh type, she should be given Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human). A screening test to detect fetal red blood cells may be helpful in such cases.
If more than 15 mL of D-positive fetal red blood cells are present in the mother's circulation, more than a single dose of HyperRHO S/D Full Dose is required. Failure to recognize this may result in the administration of an inadequate dose.
Although systemic reactions to human immunoglobulin preparations are rare, epinephrine should be available for treatment of acute anaphylactic reactions.
Use in pregnancy and lactation: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human) - HyperRHO S/D Full Dose. It is also not known whether HyperRHO S/D Full Dose can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. HyperRHO S/D Full Dose should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population have not been established.
Pregnancy Category C.
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human) - HyperRHO S/D Full Dose. It is also not known whether HyperRHO S/D Full Dose can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. HyperRHO S/D Full Dose should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Reactions to Rh
o(D) Immune Globulin (Human) are infrequent in Rh
o(D) negative individuals and consist primarily of slight soreness at the site of injection and slight temperature elevation. While sensitization to repeated injections of human immune globulin is extremely rare, it has occurred. Elevated bilirubin levels have been reported in some individuals receiving multiple doses of Rh
o(D) Immune Globulin (Human) following mismatched transfusions. This is believed to be due to a relatively rapid rate of foreign red cell destruction.
Other antibodies in the Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human) preparation may interfere with the response to live vaccines such as measles, mumps, polio or rubella. Therefore, immunization with live vaccines should not be given within 3 months after Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human) administration.
Drug/Laboratory Interactions: Babies born of women given Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human) ante partum may have a weakly positive direct antiglobulin test at birth. Passively acquired anti-Rho(D) may be detected in maternal serum if antibody screening tests are performed subsequent to antepartum or postpartum administration of Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human).
Directions for Syringe Usage: Remove the prefilled syringe from the package. Lift syringe by barrel, not by plunger.
Twist the plunger rod clockwise until the threads are seated.
With the rubber needle shield secured on the syringe tip, push the plunger rod forward a few millimeters to break any friction seal be tween the rubber stopper and the glass syringe barrel.
Remove the needle shield and expel air bubbles. [Do not remove the rubber needle shield to prepare the product for administration until immediately prior to the anticipated injection time.]
Proceed with hypodermic needle puncture.
Aspirate prior to injection to confirm that the needle is not in a vein or artery.
Inject the medication.
Keeping the patient's hands behind the needle, grasp the guard with free hand and slide forward toward needle until it is completely covered and guard clicks into place. If audible click is not heard, guard may not be completely activated.
Place entire prefilled glass syringe with guard activated into an approved sharps container for proper disposal.
A number of factors could reduce the efficacy of this product or even result in an ill effect following its use. These include improper storage and handling of the product after it leaves our hands, diagnosis, dosage, method of administration, and biological differences in individual patients. Because of these factors, it is important that this product be stored properly and that the directions be followed carefully during use.
Store at 2 - 8°C (36 - 46°F). Do not freeze.
J06BB01 - anti-D (rh) immunoglobulin ; Belongs to the class of specific immunoglobulins. Used in passive immunizations.
HyperRHO S/D Full Dose inj ≥1,500 IU
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